公路工程

为缓解大型客运枢纽换乘压力，提出枢纽多行程合乘定制公交线路优化方法。公交运营计划考虑同时为从枢纽出发的乘客和前往枢纽的乘客提供服，且可在研究时间内灵活进行多次往返行程。在此基础上以车辆固定成本、行驶成本与服务失败用户的惩罚成本最小为目标，结合时间窗、车辆容量、最低服务人数等约束条件，构建基于大型客运枢纽的多行程定制公交线路优化模型。设计改进ALNS(自适应大邻域搜索)与VND(变邻域下降)相结合的混合元启发式算法进行求解，并与CPLEX进行对比。试验基于成都东站实际需求，结果表明：与单程模式相比，多行程模式提供更高服务率，且比单行程节约20%的车队规模和9.7%总运营成本；不限制“先送后接”的行驶顺序可服务更多人，并降低1.3%的订单平均运营成本；最少服务人数系数在0.4～0.6时可将订单服务率保持在98%,并比系数为0.3时节省6.4%的订单平均运营成本。该方法在满足定制化服务的基础上有效提高乘客服务率及车辆调度效率，为枢纽合乘公交高效营运提供指导。

To alleviate the passenger transfer pressure of large passenger hubs, the optimization method of multi-trip customized bus route for large passenger transport hubs was proposed.The bus operation plan considers simultaneously serving passengers who depart from the hub and passengers who head to the hub, and the vehicle can flexibly make multiple round-trips within the study period.On this basis, with the objective of minimizing the fixed cost of vehicles, the driving cost of the vehicles, and the penalty cost of the customers who fails to be served, combined with constraints such as time window, vehicle capacity, and minimum number of people served for each trip, a multi-trip customized bus route optimization model for large passenger hubs was constructed.A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm combining improved ALNS(Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search) and VND(Variable Neighborhood Descent) was designed to solve the problem, and the performance was compared with CPLEX.The experiment was conducted on the real demand of Chengdu East Station, and the results show that: the multi-trip mode can provide a higher service rate, and save 20% of the fleet size and 9.7% of the total operating cost compared to the single-trip mode; the unrestricted "delivery before pick-up" driving sequence can serve more people and reduce the average operating cost of each order by 1.3%; when the minimum number of people served coefficient is in 0.4～0.6, the order service rate can be maintained at 98%, and the average operating cost of the order can be saved by 6.4% compared with the coefficient is 0.3.The method can effectively improve the passenger service rate and vehicle dispatching efficiency while satisfying customized services, and provide guidance for the efficient operation of the bus-pooling for hubs.