公路工程

由于近年来极端天气影响，黄土地区传统路基工程设计理念和防护结构已经不起极端天气的检验。以“2021年10月山西省极端暴雨天气”诱发黄土地区公路地质灾害为例，对临汾地区G209线(南北向)和G341线(东西向)走廊带沿线地质灾害类型进行统计，重点分析了极端天气下地质灾害的空间分布特征和致灾机理，探析了极端天气、地形地貌及地层结构等因素对黄土地区公路走廊带地质灾害的影响。通过分析可知：黄土沟壑区灾害多样，黄土残塬及梁峁区灾害种类单一，主要以路基塌陷为主；受降水量不同影响，南北向G209线较东西向G341线沿线灾害更为发育，灾害密度分别为0.6、0.4处/km;灾害发育密度显现出从沟壑坡脚—黄土梁峁—黄土残塬依次减少的空间分布特征，G209线崩塌灾害多发，G341线路基塌陷发育，并且灾害规模大，危害严重，治理难度大；极端强降雨为本次地质灾害的致灾因子。此外，针对临汾黄土地区灾害发育特征和影响因素，提出了今后公路建设和地质灾害防治建议。

Due to the impact of extreme weather in recent years, the traditional design concepts and protective structures of roadbed engineering in the loess region are no longer able to withstand the test of extreme weather. Taking the highway geological disasters in the loess area induced by the extreme rainstorm weather in October 2021 in Shanxi Province as an example, this paper makes statistics on the types of geological disasters along the G209(north-south) and G341(east-west) corridors in Linfen, focusing on the spatial distribution characteristics and disaster causing mechanism of geological disasters under extreme weather, and analyzes the extreme weather the impact of factors such as terrain, geomorphology, and geological structure on geological disasters in the highway corridor belt of the loess region. Through analysis, it can be concluded that there are various disasters in the loess gully area, while the types of disasters in the loess plateau and Liangmao area are single, mainly due to roadbed collapse; affected by different precipitation levels, disasters along the north-south G209 line are more developed than those along the east-west G341 line, with disaster densities of 0.6 and 0.4处/km, respectively; the disaster development density shows a spatial distribution characteristics of decreasing from the foot of gullies, loess ridges, to residual loess plateaus in sequence. The G209 line is prone to collapse disasters, while the G341 line is prone to foundation collapse. The disaster scale is large, the harm is serious, and the management is difficult; extreme heavy rainfall is a contributing factor to this geological disaster. In addition, based on the characteristics and influencing factors of disaster development in the loess area of Linfen, suggestions for future highway construction and geological disaster prevention and control are proposed.